1. Introduction to Semiconductors:
- Semiconductors are materials that have conductivity between conductors (metals) and insulators (non-metals).
- They have a unique property of being able to switch between conductive and non-conductive states under certain conditions.
2. Intrinsic Semiconductors:
- Intrinsic semiconductors have no impurities added to them and have equal number of electrons and holes.
- The band gap energy of an intrinsic semiconductor is typically between 1 and 2 eV.
3. Doped Semiconductors:
- Doping is the intentional addition of impurities to a pure semiconductor in order to modify its electrical properties.
- N-type semiconductor is created by adding pentavalent impurities (e.g. antimony) and P-type semiconductor is created by adding trivalent impurities (e.g. boron) to the intrinsic semiconductor.
4. Semiconductor Devices:
- The two main types of semiconductor devices are diodes and transistors.
- A diode is a two-terminal device that only allows current to flow in one direction.
- A transistor is a three-terminal device that can amplify or switch electronic signals.
5. Integrated Circuits:
- Integrated Circuits (ICs) are a combination of multiple electronic components (such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors) integrated onto a single chip.
- ICs have revolutionized the field of electronics, enabling miniaturization and the development of advanced electronic devices.
6. Semiconductor Industry:
- The semiconductor industry is constantly evolving, with new materials and devices being developed for various applications.
- The industry is a major contributor to the global economy, with a wide range of products that include microprocessors, memory chips, and sensors.
7. Conclusion:
- Semiconductors are a critical component of modern electronics, with a wide range of applications in many fields.
- The ability to tailor their properties through doping has allowed for the creation of a vast array of electronic devices and technologies.
More:-
Revision Notes for Physical Eduction
click here for other Chapters of Physics.
.jpg)
