Some possible Revision Notes for the chapter "Biomolecules" in Class 12 Chemistry are:
Introduction:
• Biomolecules, also known as biological molecules, are molecules that are essential for life processes and are found in all living organisms.
• These molecules are classified into four major categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates:
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with the general formula (CH2O)n.
• They are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
• Carbohydrates are the primary energy source for most living organisms, and can also play a structural role in cells.
Lipids:
• Lipids are hydrophobic organic compounds that are mostly composed of carbon and hydrogen, with some oxygen and nitrogen.
• They are classified as fats, oils, and waxes, and can play a variety of roles, such as energy storage and cell membrane structure.
Proteins:
• Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are linked by peptide bonds.
• They have many important functions, such as enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions, transport molecules like oxygen, and provide structural support.
Nucleic Acids:
• Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotide monomers, which are linked by phosphodiester bonds.
• They include DNA and RNA, which are responsible for the storage and transmission of genetic information in cells.
Enzymes:
• Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of biochemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction.
• They are usually globular proteins with a specific three-dimensional shape that determines their function.
Vitamins:
• Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential for normal physiological processes in the body.
• They are classified as water-soluble or fat-soluble, and can have various functions, such as conducting metabolic processes or acting as antioxidants.
Conclusion:
Biomolecules are essential for life processes in all living organisms. They have diverse functions and can be classified into four major categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Understanding the structure and function of these molecules is essential for many fields, such as medicine, biochemistry, and biotechnology.
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